How To Use String Data Type In Dev C++
Example explained. Create a pointer variable with the name ptr, that points to a string variable, by using the asterisk sign. ( string. ptr ). Note that the type of the pointer has to match the type of the variable you're working with. Use the & operator to store the memory address of the variable called food. Some compilers include the bool data type. Char char is the character type. It usually hold 8 bits which stores an encoded character. The standard encoding scheme is ASCII. However, other encoding schemes such as EBCDIC can be used. In C you can manipulate variables defined as character using the same operations that apply to integers. The string class type introduced with Standard C. The C-Style Character String. The C-style character string originated within the C language and continues to be supported within C. This string is actually a one-dimensional array of characters which is terminated by a null character ' 0'. Thus a null-terminated string contains the.
- C++ Basics
Declaring String Or Character Array in C String data type is not supported in C Programming. String means Collection of Characters to form particular word. String is useful whenever we accept name of the person, Address of the person, some descriptive information. We cannot declare string using String Data Type, instead of we use array. This is most likely a very stupid question, but in C, what is the data type for a string? I want to make the variable x = 'Slim Shady'. Would I declare x as an int? I have tried declaring it as a char, but when I cout the variable, it only gives the first letter. Any help would be appreciated.
- C++ Object Oriented
- C++ Advanced
- C++ Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
While writing program in any language, you need to use various variables to store various information. Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values. This means that when you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.
You may like to store information of various data types like character, wide character, integer, floating point, double floating point, boolean etc. Based on the data type of a variable, the operating system allocates memory and decides what can be stored in the reserved memory.
Primitive Built-in Types
C++ offers the programmer a rich assortment of built-in as well as user defined data types. Following table lists down seven basic C++ data types −
| Type | Keyword |
|---|---|
| Boolean | bool |
| Character | char |
| Integer | int |
| Floating point | float |
| Double floating point | double |
| Valueless | void |
| Wide character | wchar_t |
Several of the basic types can be modified using one or more of these type modifiers −
- signed
- unsigned
- short
- long
The following table shows the variable type, how much memory it takes to store the value in memory, and what is maximum and minimum value which can be stored in such type of variables.
| Type | Typical Bit Width | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|
| char | 1byte | -127 to 127 or 0 to 255 |
| unsigned char | 1byte | 0 to 255 |
| signed char | 1byte | -127 to 127 |
| int | 4bytes | -2147483648 to 2147483647 |
| unsigned int | 4bytes | 0 to 4294967295 |
| signed int | 4bytes | -2147483648 to 2147483647 |
| short int | 2bytes | -32768 to 32767 |
| unsigned short int | 2bytes | 0 to 65,535 |
| signed short int | 2bytes | -32768 to 32767 |
| long int | 8bytes | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 |
| signed long int | 8bytes | same as long int |
| unsigned long int | 8bytes | 0 to 4,294,967,295 |
| long long int | 8bytes | -(2^63) to (2^63)-1 |
| unsigned long long int | 8bytes | 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 |
| float | 4bytes | |
| double | 8bytes | |
| long double | 12bytes | |
| wchar_t | 2 or 4 bytes | 1 wide character |
The size of variables might be different from those shown in the above table, depending on the compiler and the computer you are using.
Following is the example, which will produce correct size of various data types on your computer.
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This example uses endl, which inserts a new-line character after every line and << operator is being used to pass multiple values out to the screen. We are also using sizeof() operator to get size of various data types.
Java String Data Type
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result which can vary from machine to machine −
typedef Declarations
You can create a new name for an existing type using typedef. Following is the simple syntax to define a new type using typedef −
For example, the following tells the compiler that feet is another name for int −
Now, the following declaration is perfectly legal and creates an integer variable called distance −
Enumerated Types
An enumerated type declares an optional type name and a set of zero or more identifiers that can be used as values of the type. Each enumerator is a constant whose type is the enumeration.
Creating an enumeration requires the use of the keyword enum. The general form of an enumeration type is −
Here, the enum-name is the enumeration's type name. The list of names is comma separated.
For example, the following code defines an enumeration of colors called colors and the variable c of type color. Finally, c is assigned the value 'blue'.
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By default, the value of the first name is 0, the second name has the value 1, and the third has the value 2, and so on. But you can give a name, a specific value by adding an initializer. For example, in the following enumeration, green will have the value 5.
Here, blue will have a value of 6 because each name will be one greater than the one that precedes it.
- C++ Basics
How To Use String Data Type In Dev C Example
- C++ Object Oriented
- C++ Advanced
- C++ Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
C++ provides following two types of string representations −
- The C-style character string.
- The string class type introduced with Standard C++.
The C-Style Character String
The C-style character string originated within the C language and continues to be supported within C++. This string is actually a one-dimensional array of characters which is terminated by a null character '0'. Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the string followed by a null.
The following declaration and initialization create a string consisting of the word 'Hello'. To hold the null character at the end of the array, the size of the character array containing the string is one more than the number of characters in the word 'Hello.'
If you follow the rule of array initialization, then you can write the above statement as follows −
Following is the memory presentation of above defined string in C/C++ −
Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The C++ compiler automatically places the '0' at the end of the string when it initializes the array. Let us try to print above-mentioned string −
Integer Data Type
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
C++ supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated strings −
| Sr.No | Function & Purpose |
|---|---|
| 1 | strcpy(s1, s2); Copies string s2 into string s1. |
| 2 | strcat(s1, s2); Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1. |
| 3 | strlen(s1); Returns the length of string s1. |
| 4 | strcmp(s1, s2); Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2. |
| 5 | strchr(s1, ch); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1. |
| 6 | strstr(s1, s2); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1. |
Following example makes use of few of the above-mentioned functions −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces result something as follows −
The String Class in C++
The standard C++ library provides a string class type that supports all the operations mentioned above, additionally much more functionality. Let us check the following example −
C++ Using Strings
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces result something as follows −